Fix partial cloning a repo (#18373) (#18377)

* Fix partial cloning a repo (#18373)

- Backport from: #18373
- Backport isn't 1-1, because the frontport had a refactor in that area,
which v1.16 doesn't have.

* Include diff & use copy

* Add partial clone test

* patch

* Apply suggestions from code review

* globalArgs first

* avoid copy but make GlobalCMDArgs append first

* please linter

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: 6543 <6543@obermui.de>

modules/git/repo.go

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ type CloneRepoOptions struct {
 	Shared     bool
 	NoCheckout bool
 	Depth      int
+	Filter     string
 }
 
 // Clone clones original repository to target path.
@@ -141,7 +142,9 @@ func CloneWithArgs(ctx context.Context, from, to string, args []string, opts Clo
 	if opts.Depth > 0 {
 		cmd.AddArguments("--depth", strconv.Itoa(opts.Depth))
 	}
-
+	if opts.Filter != "" {
+		cmd.AddArguments("--filter", opts.Filter)
+	}
 	if len(opts.Branch) > 0 {
 		cmd.AddArguments("-b", opts.Branch)
 	}